You provide information about a page's metadata and also tell Google to crawl this information (ie submit a PageMaps) in three ways. You can add:
* PageMap data directly to your HTML page 
* PageMap data to a Sitemap
* Use rich snippets markup
# The sitemap method
My preferred method to add metadata to a page is to Add PageMap to the Sitemap. My second preference is to add the Pagemap to the header of the page you want to index.
# Submitting your sitemap
Once you gave provided the (pagemap) metadata in a form Google can understand, you need to inform Google about it's existence. Google will crawl your pages in it's own haphazard way (following links), but to be sure you should explicitly tell Google about the whereabouts of your sitemap.
To do this you should use the Google Search Console to update the sitemaps for your site.
You used to be able to (withdrawn late 2015) submit that Sitemap for on-demand indexing. This was a good option if you don’t want PageMap exposed in the HTML source code of your page.
# Other ways to submit metadata to Google
You can use PageMap data in the HTML Header, rich snippets markup or meta tags to add structured data directly to your HTML. This will be converted to PageMap information when Google crawls your site.